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The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness, comfort and possibilities of the self-application of adjustable compression wraps (ACW) with compression bandaging (CB) in the acute phase of treatment in advanced upper-limb lymphedema. In total, 36 patients who fulfilled the admission criteria were randomly assigned into ACW-Group (18 patients), or CB-Group (18 patients). Treatment in both groups lasted for two weeks. In the first, all patients were educated in applying adjustable compression wraps (ACW-Group) or self-bandaging (CB-Group) and treated by experienced physiotherapists. In the second week, the use of ACW and CB was continued by the patients themselves at home. In both groups, a clinically significant reduction in the affected limb volume was found after the first week (p < 0.001). A further decrease in the affected limb volume within the second week was noted only in the CB-Group (p = 0.02). A parallel trend was found in the percentage reduction in the excess volume after one and two weeks of compression therapy. Within two weeks, both groups achieved a significant improvement in decreasing lymphedema-related symptoms, but women from the ACW-Group reported complications related to carrying out compression more frequently (p = 0.002). ACW can reduce lymphedema and disease-related symptoms, but based on the results it is difficult to recommend this method as an alternative option in the acute phase of CPT among women with advanced arm lymphedema.