Ankle Joint Anatomy: Overview, Lateral Ligament Anatomy and Biomechanics, Medial Ligament Anatomy and Biomechanics

The ankle joint is a hinged synovial joint with primarily up-and-down movement (plantarflexion and dorsiflexion). However, when the range of motion of the ankle and subtalar joints (talocalcaneal and talocalcaneonavicular) is taken together, the complex functions as a universal joint (see the image below).

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Illustration of the normal anatomy of the spring ligament complex. From

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